An Actionable Tutorial on Year of Wonders Essay Topics in Simple Step by Step Order

An Actionable Tutorial on Year of Wonders Essay Topics in Simple Step by Step Order The Number One Question You Must Ask for Year of Wonders Essay Topics It's always there around you. All the prompts can readily be printed too. As you might have noticed, it's been largely content. Write about why you would like to do it and why you ought to be allowed to do it. It has made life easy, easy and quick. The fantastic thing about reading is that I don't actually have to learn things the difficult way. Think of something you aren't permitted to do but wish you could. Now, virtually every portion of the human body is able to be transplanted by surgery. Essay No. 02 Things I like to do During My Pastime I think that sports play a significant part in the bodily and mental development of someone and everyone should take part in sports to be able to be healthy and physically fit. Cycling can readily be linked to my personal attributes and it provides a soothing effect to my whole personality and my general outlook. Debate tips for kids can vary from extremely straightforward to some which can result in a terrific depth of thought never seen before. Cars and buses are extremely common. Kids are certain to come up with a few intriguing points on this. My goal has been to go to the awesome places that could be seen within the locations that should be excluded from both the national monuments together with the newly proposed national park. A hobby needs to be pursued according to someone's nature of work and aptitude. It truly is a superior pastime. Certain hobbies like photography are extremely expensive. Here's What I Know About Year of Wonders Essay Topics The chance of alternatives to homework would be a good way to select the debate ahead. That's the reason why it is also called pastime. Write about the something that annoys you about adults and why they ought to quit doing it. The issue with what matters is it changes all of the time, every single day, often several times daily. Later on, perhaps, scientists may be able to earn man live forever. The lifestyles of children and grownups come to a clash, developing a peak conflict point. Soon he is going to be visiting different planets too. It's because of this pollution that we're facing major problems like global warming and it has come to be a challenge for humanity. What Does Year of Wonders Essay Topics Mean? Science is an integral component of our day-to-day life. It has changed the face of the world. Agriculture Science has turned out to be a true friend for farmers. Communication Science has brought about an excellent shift in the means of communication. Reading requires some severe intellectual exercise. Reading example essays works the exact same way! Students often discover that nearly all of their work on those essays is done before they even begin writing. Write an essay discussing the importance of the title. Time management and scheduling is essential for students. Inventions within the field of technology have led to a growth in pollution. Drainage system was modernized. By the center of the story, several problems have surfaced that the community should take care of. In dairy company, kinds of machinery are helping to cultivate their enterprise. There was not any immediate sharing option and no actual time corrections. Just about all the issues can be solved with the assistance of contemporary gadgets. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Year of Wonders Essay Topics Write about the strangest thing you've ever witnessed in your whole life! You go on a visit to the moon. The photo below tells all of it. Write about your very best friend. Getting the Best Year of Wonders Essay Topics Nonetheless, the human psyche is not totally broken up into dark and light. Nonetheless, there are a lot of instances where characters act from a legitimate awareness of altruism and the need to keep order and human dignity. Other characters like Mem and Anys Gowdie, along with Elinor made a decision to use herbs to stop illness. However Aphra also has an important part in the climax of the plot. The novel demonstrates the way that it can be hard to keep faith in times of adversity. That's how you construct the relationship. The 30-Second Trick for Year of Wonders Essay Topics Periodic homework assignments and quizzes are a fantastic means to encourage students to remain in addition to their assigned reading. Tasks aren't consistently tailored to fulfill the demands and demands of the texts for students to reach independence with grade-level materials by the close of the school year. Google Docs supplies you with all you will need free of charge. Try out a few of these topics. Listening is a skill that very few men and women possess. Teachers can create a class with only a few clicks. Students ought to have a complete comprehension of the unit material as a way to answer these questions. Informational Writing Prompts to assist Students Learn About the World Around Us A journal isn't merely a safe location for a student to reflect on her or his ideas and feelingsit may also be a potent tool that permits the student to find out more about what's going on in the world around us.

Financial Statement Analysis of Dutch Lady - 3020 Words

I. INTRODUCTION Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad (Dutch Lady Malaysia), a company established in 1963, is currently leading in the business of quality branded dairy in Malaysia. The company, whose holding company is Royal FrieslandCampina–a Dutch multinational corporation, one of the largest milk companies in the world- was the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on Bursa Malaysia, the local Stock Exchange in 1968. Being the leading producer and seller of quality dairy products and fruit juices for home and export market (such as Infant formula, many types of milks, yoghurt and fruit juice drinks), Dutch Lady Malaysia has a strong consumer following and represented by strong brands (such as Dutch Lady, Frisolac, Completa, Omela,†¦show more content†¦The current ratio and quick ratio of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is more than ideal ratio. The increasing percentage of both ratios is indicating Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has the ability to pay its current obligati ons in time. From account receivable turnover, in 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad converts 14.56 times from account receivable into cash. In 2009 and 2010, the sales movement from account to cash is not quite good because above 12 times. However, as we can see from inventory turnover from 2009-2011, indicating that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad inventory management techniques in 2010 and 2011 are less efficient as compared to that in 2009 because productions selling is less frequently and make the number of inventory increase. The decline in the total of days’ sales uncollected from 2009 to 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has an effective accounts payable procedures. It would benefit Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad because they would get cash faster from their customers. The days sales in inventory measures the liquidity of inventory, the operating cycle time for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad in 2009 is shorter than 2010 and 2011, they only need 45 days, 22 days faster than in the 2011. Technically total asset turnover shows how many times company can generate revenue from every dollarShow MoreRelatedDUTCH LADY MILK INDUSTRY BERHAD NATURE OF BUSINESS Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Malaysia is a3000 Words   |  12 PagesDUTCH LADY MILK INDUSTRY BERHAD NATURE OF BUSINESS Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Malaysia is a dairy products manufacturer and supplier in Malaysia. Dutch Lady’s target market is people of all ages, ranging from infants to adults. Dutch Lady first started its operation in 1963 as a private joint-stock limited company. Six years after its start-up, Dutch Lady became the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on the Stock Exchanges of Kuala Lumpur (Bursa Malaysia). 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Almost immediately I wondered why then did thousands of people from around the globe gather in Washington D.C. on April 16th and 17th to protest against the World Bank and the International MonetaryRead MoreMarketing Plan Nestle4875 Words   |  20 Pagesless. 2.2 SWOT ANALYSIS 2.2.1 Internal Environments Analysis |Strengths of Nestle company |Weaknesses of Nestle Company | |Board of director. |Financial | |Human Resources. |Teamwork | |Financial ability

Picking Up Trash Can Result In Future Ambitions free essay sample

It’s 4:04 in the afternoon at Angels Care Center in Cannon Falls. After greeting wrinkled, half-asleep faces down the hallway, I make it to my final destination of the night: the 300 wing. As soon as I press a tiny black button and enter the locked memory care unit, G a toothless, enthusiastic woman comes rifling down the narrow hallway. Head down in her hot wheels, she races towards me gripping a curious transparent bag. It doesn’t take long for me to realize it is a garbage bag on account of the trail of wet paper towels and half empty yogurt containers G has left me. I take a deep breath and greet her beaming grin with a forgiving smile. Innocent mischief is unavoidable in the three hundred wing and, strangely, I’ve learned a tremendous amount from these seemingly insignificant instances. As G accompanies me on my scavenger hunt down the hall, clapping like she is cheering me on, I reminisce. We will write a custom essay sample on Picking Up Trash Can Result In Future Ambitions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On our way to select a fashionable pair of gloves for me to wear, we pass R’s former room on the left, and I recall when he still resided in the unit. I was nervous meeting the tiny Latino man because I had heard stories he was uncontrollable and fierce. But to my surprise, when I did meet him, he was just sitting at the table playing a game of Dominoes in the most relaxed manner. One game of Mexican Dominoes with him, and I had discovered that this man was anything but menacing. If the accusations about R were proven false, then how could I believe any others that I heard? Later, perhaps that week, I was sitting in class when a girl in yoga pants that have never been to yoga was attempting to â€Å"keep me up with the gossip.† She didn’t catch on to my disinterest and asked what I thought about it all. I told her the only way to know the truth about all the people she evaluated was to go ask them. I guess G lost interest in my sterilization of the hallway and wandered into M’s room. While having a tug of war to remove G, I gazed over at M sleeping soundly in her bed. M has a daughter who frequently reminds me of every single thing she hates about Angels Care Center. So, I listen to her critical views and try to figure out where she is coming from so I can attempt to assist. That skill was extremely useful when my mom was struggling with her body image and I persuaded her to purchase a gym membership. She jumped right into a healthier lifestyle with me, which strengthened our relationship and revived her happiness. It’s 4:16 and the hallway looks as fresh as the fully stocked linen closet. G has found her way into S’s room, forgetting that her presence is frowned upon by the short-tempered man. I snatch her out of there before the soft-toned yelling could erupt, and look into her faded blue eyes full of life. She laughs either with or at me it’s hard to tell and I realize that I want to live like G: spirited and adventurous. Everyone has their own idea of success, but mine consists of having a career I’m passionate about, traveling frequently and maintaining relationships with my family while forming new friendships. I want to use the skills I’ve obtained from working at Angels Care Center to reach my goals and impact the lives of other people.

Letter From Birmingham Jail Essays - Gangs In The United States

Letter From Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr.'s essay, A Letter From Birmingham Jail has become a classic for good reason. Martin Luther King was an excellent writer and speaker, appealing not only to the logical side of most people, but also to their emotional side. He was an intelligent man, keeping up with all the current events of not only the nation but the world, and was well read in issues of the past. What he said and wrote came from deep inside him and was influenced by his belief in God and Jesus Christ. His essay took his knowledge and his talents of persuasion, and summed up what he was working for and what he believed in. When he stated, "Anyone who lives inside the U.S. can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds..." he was saying that Americans are people made up of many cultures and backgrounds. He was celebrating America's diversity, which makes the United States such a wonderful place to live. He would be ashamed and sorrowful if he saw how citizens of The United States treated each other today. If we had to take a million immigrants in, say, Zulus, next year, or Englishmen, and put them in Virginia, what group would be easier to assimilate? Patrick Buchanan is outspoken on many subjects, immigration is one of them. Buchanan believes that there should be a 200 mile fence built along the U.S. Mexican border, and that Congress should pass a five-year moratorium on legal immigration. He also feels that an Executive Order should be signed which would abolish federally mandated minority programs and affirmative-action plans, plans that were put in place during the Civil Rights Movement which King helped to lead. Buchanan is the same man who stated that women were "simply not endowed by nature with the same measures of single-minded ambition and the will to succeed." Yet, if he becomes President he will re-instate prayer and Bible study classes because he believes that family values and morals are non-existent in American society today. Is this guy for real? What happened to equality? How can someone be religious and still go around declaring that some people are better then others? Supposedly our country was to have gotten rid of all its racists notions during the 60's and the 70's. Apparently not. Buchanan is creating outsiders within the U.S. Measure 9 and Measure 13, measures, had they been passed, would have caused discrimination on a public scale, legal in Oregon. It would have isolated gays and lesbians as freakish groups who live their lives differently then the main stream, and therefore should be punished for their uniqueness. The founders of these measures, Lon Maybon and the Oregon Citizens Alliance, are so determined to pass such a measure that they are thinking of putting a third measure on the ballot next November. The OCA believes that they have the right to declare homosexuals as dirty people because it says so in the Bible. That, because they have intercourse with members of their own sex, homosexuals should not be allowed to adopt children, or to become legally married. That God has damned them for eternity and that they should be treated accordingly. The OCA is creating outsiders within the U.S. The Crips and the Bloods are two widely known gangs in America. They are centered in the Los Angeles area, but they have groups all across the United States in nearly every city. The Crips and the Bloods are only two of hundreds of growing gangs that are surfacing nation wide. The gangs are prominently located in the inner-cities, the poorer areas of large cities. The gangs play on the idea that they are a family. If anyone attacks my brother, then I'm here to fight back for him. Occasionally, they kill an innocent bystander or two. The kids (Kids they are. Gangs have been known to recruit children between the ages of 10 and 13.) that become members commonly have problems at home, abuse or neglect are prevalent. They feel that the only place left to turn is to the streets, and to the brotherhood of the gangs. Gangs are commonly associated with drugs and violence, for good reason. They attack each other for violation of territory and for interference in each others business, causing a vicious circle of revenge. The result of this violence is fear and anger felt by their victims and neighborhoods. It also leads to a separation between the inner-cities and the suburbs, and stereotyping of whites

Living in a Digital Nation essays

Living in a Digital Nation essays The United States and many other countries have now entered the digital age, an era where electronics, media, and the worldwide web are right at our fingertips anywhere and anytime that our hearts desire. Workplaces, schools, and households have now become more technology friendly and are assimilating into this fascinating age of discovery and innovation. According to Virginia Heffernan, a published author and writer for The New York Times, "65 percent of today's grade-school kids may end up doing work that hasn't been invented yet." Even children are being introduced to electronics and the Internet at a young age, which means the future holds a lot of promise. Technology has flourished and become apart of one's everyday life, and some might even say we abuse it because of our need to be constantly connected; however, it is a beneficial tool to have, and I have welcomed it into my life with open arms. It has allowed me to get my work done easily, helped me make connections, taught me realizations about myself. Also, technology and the Internet are here to stay, which has led me to the conclusion that they will greatly impact my future. Being part of the digital age has made work and business easier. For example, taking online classes is something I was recently introduced to over the summer, and my English course, being my third online class has made me see how a classroom can be brought into a digital setting. Classes offered online are very useful because sometimes a class' time conflicts with my schedule. I am able to do everything online, which leaves some sort of anonymity between my peers, which I like because I am able to state my opinion without fear of being judged in an actual classroom setting where everyone turns and looks at you when you have a contribution to make. Because of the Internet, people are able to get a vast amount of work done The Internet has come very far...

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood

Radiocarbon Dating - Reliable but Misunderstood Radiocarbon dating is one of the best known archaeological dating techniques available to scientists, and the many people in the general public have at least heard of it. But there are many misconceptions about how radiocarbon works and how reliable a technique it is. Radiocarbon dating was invented in the 1950s by the American chemist Willard F. Libby and a few of his students at the University of Chicago: in 1960, he won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention. It was the first absolute scientific method ever invented: that is to say, the technique was the first to allow a researcher to determine how long ago an organic object died, whether it is in context or not. Shy of a date stamp on an object, it is still the best and most accurate of dating techniques devised. How Does Radiocarbon Work? All living things exchange the gas Carbon 14 (C14) with the atmosphere around them- animals and plants exchange Carbon 14 with the atmosphere, fish and corals exchange carbon with dissolved C14 in the water. Throughout the life of an animal or plant, the amount of C14 is perfectly balanced with that of its surroundings. When an organism dies, that equilibrium is broken. The C14 in a dead organism slowly decays at a known rate: its half life. The half-life of an isotope like C14 is the time it takes for half of it to decay away: in C14, every 5,730 years, half of it is gone. So, if you measure the amount of C14 in a dead organism, you can figure out how long ago it stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Given relatively pristine circumstances, a radiocarbon lab can measure the amount of radiocarbon accurately in a dead organism for as long as 50,000 years ago; after that, theres not enough C14 left to measure. Tree Rings and Radiocarbon There is a problem, however. Carbon in the atmosphere fluctuates with the strength of earths magnetic field and solar activity. You have to know what the atmospheric carbon level (the radiocarbon reservoir) was like at the time of an organisms death, in order to be able to calculate how much time has passed since the organism died. What you need is a ruler, a reliable map to the reservoir: in other words, an organic set of objects that you can securely pin a date on, measure its C14 content and thus establish the baseline reservoir in a given year. Fortunately, we do have an organic object that tracks carbon in the atmosphere on a yearly basis: tree rings. Trees maintain carbon 14 equilibrium in their growth rings- and trees produce a ring for every year they are alive. Although we dont have any 50,000-year-old trees, we do have overlapping tree ring sets back to 12,594 years. So, in other words, we have a pretty solid way to calibrate raw radiocarbon dates for the most recent 12,594 years of our planets past. But before that, only fragmentary data is available, making it very difficult to definitively date anything older than 13,000 years. Reliable estimates are possible, but with large /- factors. The Search for Calibrations As you might imagine, scientists have been attempting to discover other organic objects that can be dated securely steadily since Libbys discovery. Other organic data sets examined have included varves (layers in sedimentary rock which were laid down annually and contain organic materials, deep ocean corals, speleothems (cave deposits), and volcanic tephras; but there are problems with each of these methods. Cave deposits and varves have the potential to include old soil carbon, and there are as-yet unresolved issues with fluctuating amounts of C14 in ocean corals. Beginning in the 1990s, a coalition of researchers led by Paula J. Reimer of the CHRONO Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, at Queens University Belfast, began building an extensive dataset and calibration tool that they first called CALIB. Since that time, CALIB, now renamed IntCal, has been refined several timesas of this writing (January 2017), the program is now called IntCal13. IntCal combines and reinforces data from tree-rings, ice-cores, tephra, corals, and speleothems to come up with a significantly improved calibration set for c14 dates between 12,000 and 50,000 years ago. The latest curves were ratified at the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference in July of 2012. Lake Suigetsu, Japan Within the last few years, a new potential source for further refining radiocarbon curves is Lake Suigetsu in Japan. Lake Suigetsus annually formed sediments hold detailed information about environmental changes over the past 50,000 years, which radiocarbon specialist PJ Reimer believes will be as good as, and perhaps better than, samples cores from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Researchers Bronk-Ramsay et al. report 808 AMS dates based on sediment varves measured by three different radiocarbon laboratories. The dates and corresponding environmental changes promise to make direct correlations between other key climate records, allowing researchers such as Reimer to finely calibrate radiocarbon dates between 12,500 to the practical limit of c14 dating of 52,800. Constants and Limits Reimer and colleagues point out that IntCal13 is just the latest in calibration sets, and further refinements are to be expected. For example, in IntCal09s calibration, they discovered evidence that during the Younger Dryas (12,550-12,900 cal BP), there was a shutdown or at least a steep reduction of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation, which was surely a reflection of climate change; they had to throw out data for that period from the North Atlantic and use a different dataset. We should see some interesting results in the very near future. Sources and Further Information Bronk Ramsey C, Staff RA, Bryant CL, Brock F, Kitagawa H, Van der Plicht J, Schlolaut G, Marshall MH, Brauer A, Lamb HF et al. 2012. A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr B.P. Science 338:370-374.Reimer PJ. 2012. Atmospheric science. Refining the radiocarbon time scale. Science 338(6105):337-338.Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M et al. . 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55(4):1869–1887.Reimer P, Baillie M, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck J, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck C, Burr G, Edwards R et al. 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51(4):1111-1150.Stuiver M, and Reimer PJ. 1993. Extended C14 data base and revised Calib 3.0 c14 age calibration program. Radiocarbon 35(1):215-230.

Public Health Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Health - Research Paper Example In the following discussion, the researcher shall enumerate on the concept of public and community health by tracing its historical development, and comparing it to each other. The objective is to identify the differences and similarities between public and community nursing, and its impact on acute care setting. Health, according to the World Health Organization can be defined as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" (Stanhope and Lancaster 322). This definition has evolved over the centuries due to several historical health events which shall be discussed as follows: Historically, health care can be traced to the Greeks. They initiated the concept of self-care as the basis for developing a system of health care for the public. They believed that if individuals were free of disease, practice hygiene and care for themselves, then the community would be healthy. Based on this concept in the United States active promotion of health care developed during the 19th century when concern for the spread of epidemic and diseases due to poverty, dirty environment, and lack of awareness among the people led to the first public policies (Scutchfield, Mays and Keck 11). At the time public health organizations developed by political entities were defined as institutions for policing epidemics through quarantine, and keeping diseases at bay. The first American Public Health Association was formed on an entirely different platform as compared to today. The purpose of the Association was to practice public sanitation, and worked in conjunction with medical practit ioners, lawyers, engineers, lay reformers and on. This was more community focus rather than policy based holistically. Yet, it was different from community health, and operated based on national economic and social reforms, and was political in

Communication Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Communication Theories - Essay Example Another criterion that can help me through my pronouncement is that creativity is my department. I have always been enormously creative and therefore I prefer studying a field that necessitates creative minds so that I may easily excel in it. Due to this reason, I get more dragged towards studying marketing as marketing is all about creativity, new ideas and innovations that help in promoting any particular thing. The advantages of marketing that I perceive over communication is that while studying communications I can only utilize my power of communicating whereas marketing will help me exploit both of my capabilities, i.e., communicating as well as creativity. Marketing involves communicating as well as convincing one’s words to others along with ingenious, inspiring and innovative activities, but, communication only involves skills to exchange a few words well with the mass. (â€Å"What is marketing?†) One disadvantage that I feel about marketing is that I might get employed by such a company that produces unhealthy stuff such as tobacco, cigarette etc. in such a case I will have to promote unhealthy and hazardous products and convince people to buy and use them. Marketing infatuates me more than communications but still, there are its drawbacks that compel me to ponder more and more over both the fields before the final

The Good, Bad and Ugly of Fracking Essay Example for Free

The Good, Bad and Ugly of Fracking Essay There is a gold rush going on right now. Man is breaking the earth, looking for natural gas. It’s a mad scene, with hucksters on every side of the issue. There is a lot going on underground and that process is called Fracking. The word alone can stir up controversy. The process of extracting natural gas through hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking,† might summon in someone’s imagination an environment and damaged communities. Natural gas hides from sight it is invisible. Perhaps envisioned a prettier picture—one that involves clean-burning fuel, job growth and affordable energy. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) states that fracking â€Å"is the process of injecting large volumes of water, sand and chemicals into the ground at high pressure to break up shale formation allowing more efficient recovery of oil and gas† (Walter). This practice has grown rapidly over the course of the last decade thanks to improved technologies, but it also has fostered debates concerning its environmental, health and safety impact along the way. The process of hydraulic fracturing – shooting water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure into underground wells to release natural gas – is a divisive issue. Some say it dumps chemicals into ground water supplies; others argue it causes earthquakes, and still others think it can revolutionize America’s energy industry. Environmentalists argue that fracking contaminates ground and surface water – a charge the gas companies deny. Here’s the problem: the fracking process begins with a well drilled deep underground. Horizontal passages are then drilled outward from the bottom of the well. Water, sand and chemicals are pumped at high pressure through the water is insignificant, and it has never been proven that those chemicals rise ground water supplies. On the other hand, environmentalists say the downward drilling process, if done poorly, releases chemicals into both ground and surface water. Both arguments are strong, which is why no one can agree whether fracking is a good or bad thing. The science is not settled; arguments are hurled back and forth by both gas companies and environmentalists. On the earthquake issue, seismologists say it is possible fracking can cause small earthquakes. The British Geological Survey researched the Blackpool earthquakes, and the conclusion was reasonable. However, they did come back and say, â€Å"the chances of getting a very large earthquake are insignificant† (Walter). Meanwhile, a contaminated water supply is a hotly-debated issue: there have been cases where fracking has polluted water supplies as a result of poor oversight and procedures, but it does seem that if done correctly, fracking is not nearly as environmentally disruptive as traditional oil and gas extraction. One thing that is settled are the benefits homegrown natural gas adds to the US energy industry. As chemist and author rich Trzupek wrote recently: â€Å"America has become, in the eyes of energy professions, the Saudi Arabia of natural gas thanks to shale gas. The doe estimates that shale gas reserves alone are 750 trillion cubic feet. (McGraw). Combines with other domestic sources of natural gas, the United States has enough natural gas to last for over a century, and the numbers continue to climb. In areas where shale gas drilling is happening, the good times are rolling. Not only are people making money from the energy sales, jobs are created down the line, from the companies who support drilling operations down to the service industries that provide workers with food and shelter† (McGraw). According to Carlton Carroll, American Petroleum Institute (API) the oil and natural gas industry’s number one priority is safety. It is very important to maintain a perfect safety record but even one incident is way too many. In a December 2012 press release, API called the extraction from natural gas from shale â€Å"the most important domestic energy development in the last fifty years†¦poised to reshape American manufacturing. † And Chevron’s web site touts the practice for â€Å"providing the United States with reliable, affordable, cleaner and responsibly produced energy† (Walter). Developing these natural gas resources can help enhance the country’s energy security, strengthen local and state economies, and fuel job growth. Many Americans, oppose any kind of pollution. However, here are reasons to support fracking: 1. It can lead to our nation becoming energy independent 2. It will provide an enormous boost to our state and local economies 3. It has already driven down natural gas prices to the point where utilities are replacing dirty coal-fired power plants with cleaner natural gas-burning plans and increasingly vehicles are burning natural gas instead of dirtier gasoline 4. It will provide many well-paying jobs to geologists, well drillers, office workers, truck drivers, construction workers, and many more. So what is the snag—and how serious is it? Communities where fracking has taken place, notably in Ohio and Pennsylvania, protest the noise and scarring of the landscaping during the initial explorations. Restoration and compensation can better those concerns. The most significant fear is that the wastewater with chemicals from the fracking process, called, flowback, can contaminate the aquifers and drinking water. State regulators in Alaska, Colorado, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, Oklahoma, Pennslvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming have stated that there have been no verified or documented cases of groundwater contamination as a result of hydraulic fracking (Zuckerman). The process uses about 99 percent water and sand, the rest being a solution of a few chemicals (Zuckerman). Most drilling experts have asserted that it is highly improbable that fracking liquids will contaminate drinking water. Fortunately, no cases exist in which the fracking process itself has caused drilling liquids to contaminate drinking water. The issue then is whether the flowback hazard can remain at acceptable levels. The real risk of water contamination comes from these flowback fluids leaking into streams or seeping down into groundwater after reaching the surface. This can be caused by leaky wellheads, holding tanks or blowouts. Wellheads are made sufficiently safe to prevent this eventuality; holding tanks can be made secure; and blowouts, while problematic, are like all accidents caused by human error. The energy industry has long stressed that fracking and water contamination has never been definitibely linked.

Case Study: Murder of Ashley Smith Essay -- Scott Jones, Frederick Joh

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the practices conducted by law enforcement during the investigation of the murder of Ashley Smith. The following pages will discuss the crime scene investigation, the evidence collection, the investigative steps following the initial crime scene investigation, the interviews of witnesses and suspects, and other strategies performed by the acting case investigators. Constitutional challenges have surfaced regarding specific pieces of critical evidence and a section of this paper will analyze the admissibility of this evidence. Lastly this case’s law enforcement processes will be contrasted with textbook processes in an effort to determine the validity of the case’s outcome. The Crime Scene On 11/3/00, two truck drivers discovered the deceased body of fourteen-year-old Ashley Smith in a wooded area behind the Pizza Hut, located on Old Annapolis Rd. Local authorities were dispatched and D/CPL. Glenn Case was designated as the primary investigator on the case. Upon arrival, D/CPL. Case observed that the medical examiner had already examined the body, evidence had been collected, photographs of the crime scene had been taken both on ground and from a helicopter (aerial view), and D/CPL. Case was advised that the victim had not yet been identified. The victim’s body had what appeared to be several stab wounds to her neck and abdominal area. D/CPL Case will later be advised by medical examiners that the victim had been stabbed thirty-four times and had also been manually strangled. The victim’s body was positioned with her head facing towards the Pizza Hut parking lot. The positioning coupled with bloody drag marks on the concrete suggested that the victim had been ... ...e resulted arrest of the suspects reflects this applicably. References Bond, J. (2007). Value of DNA Evidence in Detecting Crime. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52(1), 128-136. Moston, S., & Engelberg, T. (2011). The Effects of Evidence on the Outcome of Interviews with Criminal Suspects. Police Practice & Research, 12(6), 518 - 526. State by State Compliance. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.vegress.com/index.php/can-i-record-calls-in-my-state Swanson, C. R., Chamelin, N. C., & Territo, L. (2012). Criminal investigation. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Technical Working Group on Crime Scene Investigation (2000). Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement-Research Report (NCJ 178280). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Justice website: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/forensic-science-communications/fsc/april2000/twgcsi.pdf

Abandon Baby Essay

The abandoned of babies issue is a social disease of our society that lack of humanity values. This problem should not happen in our country which is opposite from our cultural and religious values. Abandonment cases are viewed as a social disease that will shackle our country from being a caring society as the fourth of the nine of Vision 2020 challenge to establishing a fully moral and ethical society, whose citizens are strong in religious and spiritual values and imbued with the highest of ethical standards. See more: Recruitment and selection process essay Most young generations cannot make out and consider what the good and bad things are. It could get rid the moral values in each young generation. The statistics released by Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) regarding the cases of abandon babies in our country since 2005 until January this year was very surprising. Datuk Seri Mohd. Bakri Mohd. Zinin the Director of Criminal Investigation Department in Bukit Aman was disclose the most worrying statistic. Based on PDRM statistics, in the last six year there are 517 recorded cases of abandoned babies. The statistic shows that 517 of infants discharged, 203 boys, 164 girls and 150 are imperfectly formed infants. The worse cases were reports on year 2008 with 102 cases followed by 91 cases on 2010. Over the past six years, only 37 were successful suspects under arrest to help investigations, including four this year. The phenomena of babies born out of wedlock being abandoned or thrown is becoming a worrying trend there has not been any comprehensive study carried out to find their causes and to suggest remedies to shorten the trend including having preventive programmes to youths and teenagers.

Morality and Crime Essay

Argument 1 : Morality itself causes crime Detail 1 : Low morals Detail 2 : Lack of parental guidance and supervision Detail 3 : The lack of religious education Argument 2 : Morality is the basis of all human actions Detail 1 : Good foundations of morality Detail 2 : Nations with low crime rates Detail 3 : Morality influences human emotions and instincts. Argument 3 : Morality creates awareness to the effects of crime Detail 1 : Awareness prevents crime Detail 2 : Awareness promotes security Detail 3 : Awareness becomes a way of life. Concession : Some crimes are not morally motivated Detail 1 : Crimes that are caused by mental illnesses Detail 2 : Crimes of passion (spur of the moment) Detail 3 : Crimes by impulses or reaction (uncontrollable action) Refutation : Low level of crimes that are not morally motivated Detail 1 : Major crimes are morally motivated Detail 2 : Sickness can be controlled but morality issues cannot be suppressed Detail 3 : Moral values can help people make better choices Conclusion : In conclusion, it can be seen that low morals causes crime to occur. So how can crime be the problem? The root of all crime is the low levels of moral values in a person and the choices they make. Therefore the only way to reduce the level of crime in the society is by revamping the morals of the society. This shows that morality is the true and actual problem to the society. Thus, if all the parties work together to increase the level of morality then crime would no longer appear as a problem and further crimes can be prevented. Crime cannot be eradicated totally but it can be lessened to a certain level.

buy custom Critique of IAR and NAEP Assessment Processes essay

buy custom Critique of IAR and NAEP Assessment Processes essay Whether used for high-stakes decisions or classroom-based formative decisions, the most fundamental element of any educational assessment is validity (Russell Kavanaugh, 2011). IAR validity focuses on the accuracy of information collected about students, the accuracy of inferences made based on that information and the appropriateness of decisions about students, schools, teaching and learning that are based on those inferences (Russell Kavanaugh, 2011). On the other hand, large-scale assessment programs such as NAEP have traditionally attempted to assess students using single instruments administered to students under the same conditions. As a result it has been acknowledged that this practice does not give valid information (Russell Kavanaugh, 2011). The importance of evaluating these two programs is to discover problems and additional requirements early to prevent more serious issues that may arise later in their use. Through evaluation, stakeholders can determine which assessment programs to continue and which ones to end (IAR, 2011). Critical evaluation of these programs will ensure quality and build client confidence about purchasing, or using the assessment procedure. Effective assessment will assist the users to prioritize resources by identifying program components that are most effective or critical (IAR, 2011). The evaluation of Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) should ensure that students attain self assessment which will in turn help students to develop critical reflection as they have to evaluate their own and other students work. IAR does not provide the opportunity for students to learn responsibility towards others via assessment and to learn to make critical judgments. Frankland (2007) says that an assessment process such as IAR should play a fundamental role in all aspects of learning where individuals and groups have to be accountable for their work. IAR should enable students to grow their ability to be realistic judges of their own performance and the ability to monitor their own learning. In order to be more effective, IAR should involve learners in the assessment of self development and learning. This will motivate them to think about what had been learnt to a certain point, where the gaps are, and how to fill up or minimize the gaps (Frankland, 2007). The assessment process should introduce the concept of individual judgment to students and ensure effective communication among teachers and peers. Carless, Joughin Li (2007) noted that assessment processes should lead to both the award of a reliable grade and contribute to productive student learning. The major challenge of IAR is that students spend too much time being tested and lack enough time in productive learning. The key stakeholders in these two learning processes should note that learning is much more than the accumulation of grades. On the other hand, NAEP does not give students motivating assessment activities which involve them in productive learning experiences. Therefore, NAEP assessment process is likely to lead to better student grades because it involves students actively in the assessment, engages them with standards and encourages them to monitor and improve their own work. NAEP assessment process presents a major challenge to tutors because they carry potential share of workload. Carless, Joughin Li (2007) argues that tutors are forced to share ideas, strategies, worksheets, model answers, quality exemplars or follow-up tasks as part of the process of streamlining assessment. Ehlers Schneckenberg (2010) learned that the main purpose of student assessment has been as a mechanism for comparing individual learners as a screening or selection process. NAEP assessment process has not provided access to individuals to continued education and progression to higher degrees, to entry into the civil services and to progression for jobs and careers (Ehlers Schneckenberg, 2010). Instead this process is predicated on measuring the differences between individual students based on race, ethnicity and gender. NAEP assessment process has led to pressure for objectivity through standardized tests which are set that the bright or hard working students get it right and the dull or lazy ones get it wrong (Ehlers Schneckenberg, 2010). Both NAEP and IAR use technologies in their assessment processes. Ehlers Schneckenberg (2010) says that technology has been focused on the development of simple multiple choice question and answers designed both for easy marking and for standardized test provision (p. 441). More emphasis should be put on the trends being assessed. Traditionally, university assessment was focused on a mastery of a body of scholarly knowledge defined by experts in a subject and the ability to research about that body of knowledge (Ehlers Schneckenberg, 2010). Nowadays, assessment has been more focused on professional standards as defined by external bodies. The main aim of NAEP has been to compare institutions and to provide a comparison of the attainment of individual learners rather than as a measurement of quality in terms of learning processes (Ehlers Schneckenberg, 2010). The stakeholders in IAR should be cautioned that the process is central because quality is seen to be congruent with the move from teaching to learning and to new processes of knowledge development outlined in the curriculum. Ehlers Schneckenberg (2010) mentioned that critiques of both IAR and NAEP should also be based on the effect on student motivation and coming from those seeking to develop assessment based on reflection on learning, particularly through the introduction of e-portfolios (p. 441). Both IAR and NAEP assessment processes should allow students to garner rewards from their participation in the assessment processes. Palomba Banta (2001) says that through their participation in the assessment process, students should be given small incentives for participating in surveys or testing projects. This is because the real payoff to students for their involvement in assessment should be an opportunity to learn more than they would have learned without it (Palomba Banta, 2001). Both NAEP and IAR programs should review their strategies to meet their full potential to engage faculty, students and other stakeholders in a systematic effort to improve quality of education. Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) Goals and strengths IAR conducts regular assessment of teaching in order to improve the instruction itself. IAR (2011) says that teaching assessment allows the instructors to monitor student learning and make necessary adjustments to improve their teaching. One of the strengths of IAR is that its teaching assessments help teachers to avoid surprises in end-of-course evaluations (IAR, 2011). As a result, IAR (2011) indicated that the assessment process embraces evaluation of student satisfaction with course organization, exams, assignments, and instruction throughout the term giving room for mid-course adjustments and the improvement of student satisfaction. According to IAR (2011) IAR student assessment entails the assessment of student learning through assignments, tests, and portfolios. Recommendations for improvement IAR assessment process should consider individual student interests, abilities, cognitive styles, and rates of learning, patterns of developed abilities, ethnicity, sex, social class and their motivations (Clark Zimmerman, 2004). The IAR measures should be sensitive to pluralistic issues and reinforce achievements of all students not just those from a particular background or social class. Clark Zimmerman (2004) mentioned that students achievements should be focused on and celebrated so they are motivated to learn, and teachers will be provided tools that allow them to deliver quality instruction to all students including those who are talented in given fields (p. 145). Consequently, IAR assessment processes should use accurate scoring keys for selected rsponse assessment and good scoring guides for extended written response and performance assessment (Stiggins, Arter Chappuis, 2004). Regardless of how carefully the whole process has been planned, things can still go wrong that result in inaccurate estimates of achievement. Stiggins, Arter Chappuis (2004) says that some of the problems that may arise from the process can be solved by adhering to the test development process (p. 114). Evaluation measures used IAR uses three types of evaluation which include: needs, process and outcome evaluation.Needs evaluation is typically used in program planning. IAR (2011) indicated that this evaluation helps determine which program aspects or activities are most needed and for which population. Generally, this method is used to help build up new programs or justify existing program components. Process evaluation investigates the implementation process of a program (IAR, 2011). This approach is useful to appraise program activities and categorize any essential improvements or changes (IAR, 2011). Outcome evaluation helps determine the overall effects or outcomes of the program in relation to program intentions. IAR (2011) says that this method may indicate whether the program objectives were met and also includes any recommendations for improvement. IAR assessment process employs scenario based higher order thinking evaluation. Nilson (2010) says that scenario based higher order thinking evaluation is a series of multiple choice items based on a new realistic stimulus such as tables, graphs, diagrams and data set. In addition, Schuh (2011) says that the assessment process may face the challenge of availability of resources to support the initiative. In addition, a structured assessment instrument such as IAR is not be limited to needs, process and outcome evaluation. Schuh (2011) noted that institutions using this process are not limited by the specific questions within the assessment tool. Additional measures needed Teachers and students need to construct the way forward for classroom assessment practice together. McInerney, Brown Liem (2009) says that students comments suggest their actions are shaped by their past experiences and the future they anticipate, so it is important to realize that changes to teacher and students roles and responsibilities will take time (p. 101). The main criticisms of IAR are based on the desires of empirical scholars to have a stable population to acquire hard data that can be treated statistically and reported as predictive (Dorn, 1999). This means that there is a need for the student and subject matter content to be measured is stable and predictable. IAR faces challenges in its effort to assess performances in real-life situations because both the student and school undergo change (Dorn, 1999). The IAR assessment process should embrace a deductive process in which critical theories are applied to the students outcomes. Christ (1997) says that students should be urged to apply the same theories to their own work after learning in a formal critique. McInerney, Brown Liem (2009) articulated that a good assessment process should allow us to review aspects of the learning context and teacher assessment actions to consider how they might better support the formative function of classroom assessment. The IAR process should provide students with multiple opportunities to demonstrate what they know and can do. McInerney, Brown Liem (2009) cautioned that the use of IAR should accommodate student goals as part of fostering a climate where assessment is viewed at a minimum, as a joint teacher-student responsibility. The entire process must value the suggestions as feedback that signals respect for students and their ideas and prompts students to actively engage in learning assessment process (McInerney, Brown Liem, 2009). How this supplementary data can enhance the results and conclusions. The team involved in the design and implementation of IAR student assessment should have insider information about challenges going on in students lives, which may have undue influence over their final report on the students progress (Orrell, Cooper Bowden, 2010). IAR assessment process should consider that students and peers gain much from playing an active role in the assessment process. Orrell, Cooper Bowden (2010) further says that self assessment is a powerful tool for learning when adequately supported and developed. They also noted that when students are required to review and critique their behavior by IAR process they will if guided appropriately develop their meta-cognitive ability. The supplementary data should be used to ensure recognition, accurate interpretation and respect for diversity, evaluators should ensure that the members of the evaluation team collectively demonstrate competence (AEA, 2004). Competence would be reflected in evaluators seeking awareness of their own assumptions, their understanding of the worldviews of different participants and stakeholders in the evaluation. AEA (2004) stated that the use of appropriate evaluation strategies and skills in working with different student groups will enhance the results and conclusions. The supplementary data will enhance diversity in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, religion, socio-economics, or other factors pertinent to the IAR evaluation context (AEA, 2004). National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Goals and strengths NAEP administers assessments in twelve subject areas which include Reading, Mathematics, Science, Writing, Arts, Civics, Economics, Geography, and U.S History. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) says that NAEP has chronicled academic achievement for over a quarter century. This is because it has been a valued source of information about the academic proficiency of students in the United States (Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell, 1999). It provides among the best available trend data on the academic performance of elementary, middle and secondary students in key subject areas (Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell, 1999). NAEP measures national and state progress toward the third National Education Goal and provide timely, fair, and accurate data about student achievement at the national level, among states and in comparison to other nations (Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell, 1999). It also develops sound assessments to measure what students know and can do as well as what they should know and be able to do. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) noted that NAEP helps states and other link their assessments to the National Assessment and use National Assessment data to improve education performance (p. 68). Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) says that one of the strengths of NAEP assessment is that it has set an innovative agenda for conventional and performance based testing and in doing so it has become a leader in American achievement testing. NAEPs prominence has made it a victim of its own success. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) indicated that recent demands for accountability at many levels of the educational system, the increasing diversity of Americas school age population, policy concerns about equal educational opportunity, and the emergence of standards based reform have had demonstrable effects on the program (p. 56). Regulators in the education sector and other with legitimate interest in the status of United States education have asked NAEP to do more beyond its central purpose. The main strength of NAEP is that without changing its basic design, structural features have been added to NAEP in response to the growing consistency for assessment in schools. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) says that the state testing program, the introduction of performance standards and the increased numbers of hands-on and other open-response tasks have made NAEP more complex (p. 57). Recommendations for improvement Moreover, Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) says that NAEP cannot and should not attempt to meet all the diverse needs of the programs multiple constituencies. From NAEP assessment program, it clear that the nation needs a new definition of educational progress. The program should thus provide a more comprehensive picture of education in America. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) thus mentioned that NAEP should only be one component of a more comprehensive integrated system on teaching and learning in Americas schools. The current NAEP achievement survey fails to capitalize on contemporary research, theory, and practice in the disciplines in ways that support in-depth interpretations of student knowledge and understanding (Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell, 1999). Full student involvement is not evident in NAEP assessment process. Palomba Banta (2001) says that an important challenge with this approach is whether or not students will take seriously their responsibilities to participate in assessment activities (p. 24). In this context, the assessment teams should promote course-embedded assessment so as to draw on the natural motivation of students to do well in their studies. These assessment programs should encourage students to also serve on program assessment committees, participate in design of portfolio or other assessment projects, critique existing techniques through focus groups and assist in conducting assessment projects (Palomba Banta, 2001). Evaluation measures used NAEP assessment process comprises two elements: the long-term trend assessments and the main assessments (NAEP, 2004). The long-term trend assessment process uses considerably the same assessments after a certain period of time, each time a subject is evaluated, in order to determine student progress in that subject over time (Kitmitto Mello, 2008). On the other hand, the main assessments is regularly adapted to reflect current curriculum policies, content currently in use in the nations schools, and enhancements in techniques of educational measurement (NAEP, 2004). NAEP staff administers the long-term trend assessment to students who are part of the NAEP long-term trend sample (NAEP, 2011).Students areasked to complete a questionnaire to provide context fortheresults. NAEP (2011) indicated that the questionnaires are presented to students as an intact form in therevised assessment. However, in the original assessment given in previous years thesequestions are interspersed with the cognitive items (NAEP, 2011). NAEPs student evaluation measures should reach beyond capacities of large scale survey methods. Pellegrino, Jones Mitchell (1999) indicated that the current assessments do not test portions of the current NAEP frameworks well and are ill-suited to conceptions of achievement that address more complex skills (p. 65). In this context, student achievement should be more broadly defined by NAEP frameworks and measured using methods that are matched to the subjects, skills and populations of interest (Kitmitto Mello, 2008). In NAEP assessment process, the evaluation plan should be shared with students ahead of time to make the learning targets clearer. This implies that students should be involved throughout a unit, by establishing where each days instruction fits into the plan or by writing practice test questions periodically for each cell of the plan as a form of review (Stiggins, Arter Chappuis, 2004). Data collected in the assessment process should provide quality comments on which areas require significant improvement. Mann (2006) says that the teams involved should conduct further analysis to examine the pattern of the quality of assessment comments from the data. According to Mann (2006), students ability to critique, assess and evaluate improves with practice. Additional measures needed Critics of NAEP assessment program especially those groups representing specific vested interests have raised several complaints about the nature and implications of writing prompts developed by test makers (Flood, 2003). Flood (2003) noted that there have been concerns with privacy invasion, racial/ethnic/religious, regional biases exceeding the background limits of writers found voice in these complaints. Preskill Catsambas (2006) says that there is always a need to allow for more in-depth responses regarding in-person training while conducting the assessment. This will increase the effectiveness, usefulness, and appeal of current training and support. According to Evans, Economy Forney (2009), legitimate concerns should be expressed about lack of inclusiveness in the whole assessment process. The process should not be based on gender, race, ethnicity and other dominant groups within institutions. Rather the process should measure students knowledge of basic facts in specific areas. Another additional measure should be the inclusion of many constructs rather than one assessment scheme. Evans, Economy Forney (2009) studied that combining all notions can result in confounding notions, especially in terms of what is perceived as being more developed. With these additional measures in place, the end result of NAEP assessment should demonstrate to what extent teachers and students meet their objectives (Clark Zimmerman, 2004). The process should inform students about what they need to do to improve and at the same time provide teachers with information that can help them recognize their successes and make revisions when required (Cla rk Zimmerman, 2004). How this supplementary data can enhance the results and conclusions The differences observed among racial/ ethnic subgroups can almost certainly be associated with a broad range of socioeconomic and educational factors and may not be fully addressed by NAEP assessment program (Williams, 1995). As a result NAEP assessment program should bring out the differences between public and non-public schools. Nevertheless, the process should articulate differences in reading performance and its effectiveness. Also educational programs within the states, the challenges posed by economic constraints and student demographic demands should be addressed by the program (Williams, 1995). Davis (2007) says that the NAEP average scores should depict the progress over a certain period of time and show were declines occur in the average scores of all graders. The supplementary data will help the evaluators to close the gaps among ethnic groups and promote equity in the nations educational systems (Davis, 2007). The supplementary data will enhance results and conclusions. This is because the measures will reduce the programmes high sampling and administration costs. Teddlie Reynolds (2000) learned that the data will ensure that substantial modifications are made to test the design itself, so that the later assessment resembles traditional standardized achievement tests (p. 275). They further say that despite the compromises made in the overall program, the data will promote a concerted effort over the years to maintain special bridge samples whose testing conditions are comparable to the earlier NAEP assessments. Conclusion The recommendations and results evident in these two assessment processes are meant to portray some aspects of the condition of education in the country. They are best looked at as implying various ideas to be further observed in light of other assessment processes. They also elaborate on the many issues contributing to educational achievement among the teachers and students. A critical review of both IAR and NAEP has provided a dependable measure of their achievement and trends of were improvement is required at the national and state levels in various grades and subjects. The motivation behind IAR and NAEP assessment process should be the success and improvement of student performance at state and nation level, but not on the basis of race, disability, ethnicity and gender. Buy custom Critique of IAR and NAEP Assessment Processes essay

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer

Biography of Louis Pasteur, Health Sciences Pioneer Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822–September 28, 1895) was a French biologist and chemist whose breakthrough discoveries into the causes and prevention of disease ushered in the modern era of medicine. Fast Facts: Louis Pasteur Known For: Discovered pasteurization, studies of anthrax, rabies, improved medical techniquesBorn: December 27, 1822 in Dole, FranceParents: Jean-Joseph Pasteur and Jeanne-Etiennette RoquiDied: September 28, 1895 in Paris, FranceEducation: Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon (BA, 1842; BSc 1842), Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure (MSc, 1845; Ph.D. 1847)Spouse: Marie Laurent (1826–1910, m. May 29, 1849)Children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934),  Camille (1863–1865) Early Life Louis Pasteur was born December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, into a Catholic family. He was the third child and only son of  poorly educated tanner Jean-Joseph Pasteur and his wife Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui. He attended primary school when he was 9 years old, and at that time he didnt show any particular interest in the sciences. He was, however, quite a good artist. In 1839, he was accepted to the  Collà ¨ge Royal at Besancon, from which he graduated with both a BA and a BSc in 1842 with honors in physics, mathematics, Latin, and drawing, gaining. He later attended the prestigious Ecole Normale Supà ©rieure  to study physics and chemistry, specializing in crystals, and obtaining the French equivalents of an MSc (1845) and a Ph.D. (1847). He served briefly as a professor of physics at the Lycee in Dijon, and later became a professor of chemistry at the University of Strasbourg. Marriage and Family It was at the University of Strasbourg that Pasteur met Marie Laurent, the daughter of the universitys rector; she would become Louis secretary and writing assistant. The couple married on  May 29, 1849,  and had  five children: Jeanne (1850–1859), Jean Baptiste (1851–1908), Cà ©cile (1853–1866), Marie Louise (1858–1934), and Camille (1863–1865). Only two of his children survived to  adulthood: the other three  died of typhoid fever, perhaps leading to Pasteurs drive to save people from disease.   Accomplishments Over the course of his career, Pasteur conducted research that ushered in the modern era of medicine and science. Thanks to his discoveries, people could now live  longer and healthier lives. His early work  with the wine growers of France, in which he developed a way to pasteurize and kill germs as part of the fermentation process, meant that all kinds of liquids could now be safely brought to market- wine, milk, and even beer. He was even granted U.S. patent 135,245 for Improvement in Brewing Beer and Ale Pasteurization.   Additional accomplishments included his discovery of a cure for a certain disease that affected silkworms, which was a tremendous boon to the textile industry. He also found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax in sheep, and rabies in humans. The Pasteur Institute In 1857, Pasteur moved to Paris, where he took up a series of professorships. Personally, Pasteur lost three of his own children to typhoid during this period, and in 1868, he suffered a debilitating stroke, which left him partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He opened the Pasteur Institute in 1888, with the stated purpose of the treatment of rabies and the study of virulent and contagious diseases. The Institute pioneered studies in microbiology, and held  the  first-ever class in the new discipline in 1889. Starting in 1891, Pasteur began to open other Institutes throughout Europe to advance his ideas. Today, there are  32 Pasteur institutes or hospitals in 29 countries throughout the world. The Germ Theory of Disease During Louis Pasteurs lifetime it was not easy for him to convince others of his ideas, which were controversial in their time but are considered absolutely correct today. Pasteur fought to convince surgeons that germs existed and that they were the cause of disease, not bad air, the prevailing theory up to that point. Furthermore, he insisted that germs could be spread via human contact and even medical instruments, and that killing germs through pasteurization and sterilization was imperative to preventing the spread of disease. In addition, Pasteur advanced the study of virology. His  work with rabies led him to realize that weak forms of disease  could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.   Famous Quotes Did you ever observe to whom the accidents happen? Chance favors only the prepared mind. Science knows no country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is the torch which illuminates the world. Controversy   A few historians disagree with the accepted wisdom regarding Pasteurs discoveries. At the centennial of the biologists death in 1995, a historian specializing in science, Gerald L. Geison  (1943–2001), published a book analyzing Pasteurs private notebooks, which had only been made public about a decade earlier. In The Private Science of Louis Pasteur, Geison asserted that Pasteur had given misleading accounts about many of his important discoveries. Still, other critics labeled him a fraud. Death Louis Pasteur continued to work at the Pasteur Institute until June 1895, when he retired because of his increasing illness. He died on September 28, 1895, after suffering multiple strokes. Legacy Pasteur was complicated: inconsistencies and misrepresentations identified by Geison in Pasteurs notebooks show that he was not just an experimenter, but a powerful combatant, orator, and writer, who did distort facts to sway opinions and promote himself and his causes. Nevertheless, his accomplishments were tremendous- in particular his anthrax and rabies studies, the importance of handwashing and sterilization in surgery, and most importantly, ushering in the era of the vaccine. These accomplishments continue to inspire and cure millions of people. Sources Berche, P. Louis Pasteur, from Crystals of Life to Vaccination. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 18 (2012): 1–6.Debrà ©, Patrice. Louis Pasteur. Trans. Forster, Elborg. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Geison, Gerald L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1995.  Lanska, D. J. Pasteur, Louis. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second Edition). Eds. Aminoff, Michael J. and Robert B. Daroff. Oxford: Academic Press, 2014. 841–45.Ligon, B. Lee. Biography: Louis Pasteur: A Controversial Figure in a Debate on Scientific Ethics. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 13.2 (2002): 134–41.Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo. The Science of Louis Pasteur: A Reconsideration. The Quarterly Review of Biology 76.1 (2001): 37–45.Tulchinsky, Theodore H. Chapter 6: Pasteur on Microbes and Infectious Diseases. Case Studies in Public Health. Ed. Tulchinsky, Theodore H.: Academic Press, 2018. 10 1–16.

Panopticism review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Panopticism review - Essay Example The tower was to be made in such a manner that only the people operating it had the vantage view of the prisoners. The prisoners could not have any clear view of their jailers. The organization of the panopticon increased the potency of power in the minds of the prisoners and made the control of the prison more efficient. In essence, the ideals of total control of the prison facility as imagined by Foucault borrowed from the quarantines against the plague as practiced in the seventeenth century (Veyne 54). The process of quarantine involved the determination of a range of processes that maintained some strict discipline in affected villages including locking people within their houses and keeping away the keys. The nature of discipline was regulated in ways that ensured easy control of the villages by the authorities. Threats of death were used to ensure compliance. Critics contend that the panopticon was modeled on the desire by the seventeenth century societies to protect civilizations from the scourge of the plague. Others contend that the objective was aimed at achieving a perfect society. Some of the issues that continue to attend to the matters of society are largely determined by the desire by central authorities to design the codes of ethics for their subjects. Such objectives often come into conflict with the theories that reinforce the need for human freedom and liberty. Critics of panopticism argue that governments do not have the moral authority to suppress the liberties and freedoms of the governed. They add that the idea of a perfect society is illusory and defeatist in nature. As such, they seek to demonstrate ways in which the processes of governance can be moderated in ways that support the free reign of the will of the governed. Within a modern context, Foucault’s panopticism could be conceptualized in terms of the structural

Providing a Motivation for Addressing Your Topic Assignment

Providing a Motivation for Addressing Your Topic - Assignment Example This has really paralyzed the education sector in the whole country. This paper will conduct an extensive research on the causes of this menace and give well-thought and feasible recommendations on how it can be ultimately resolved (Creswell, 2008). Of course, this topic is quite interesting to me. As an educationist, I am a strong advocate for quality education, which I believe, can not be attained if no adequate funding is provided. For this reason, the federal, state and local governments have been pumping money into all the public elementary and high schools across the country that deserve such a funding. In fact, out of its revenues, the federal allocates approximately 4% of its budget for education (Radin, 2006). Since these are public resources, they should be properly utilized at all times. For this reason, the government, through its relevant agencies, has been mandated to be in charge of the disbursed allocations. However, with the liberalization of the education sector, various state departments of education have decentralized financial control to the individual school principals and administrators. Under the supervision of the School district Management Boards, each principal has been allowed to identify their needs and develop their own budget. This is commendable since it is them who understand their demands. Interestingly, school resources are still being misused during each and every budget year. Instead of acting as the custodians of school funds, many principals and school administrators have been robbing their institutions of their resources. They do not use it as planned (Starr, 2014). At times, they are tempted to divert these resources into their own personal uses. This has been quite unfortunate because it has been denying thousands of poor American children the opportunity acquire government sponsored education which they entirely rely on. According to past records, there are

Writing to Show Cause and Effect (Causes of business growth and Research Paper

Writing to Show Cause and Effect (Causes of business growth and failure, marketing, business trends) - Research Paper Example However, due to some of the limitations and depending on one’s preparedness the chances of prosperity are determined. Business growth is impacted and withheld by a number of factors. From this perspective, this paper will discuss causes of business growth and failure, marketing, business trends. Some of the factors in the market favor prosperity of business ideas. Anyone getting into business should be ready to face the risks involved. Before the implementation of a business idea to a real thing, one needs to be aware of some factors like availability of market, availability of capital and the competitors. The owner of the business idea should weigh between different options and settle for the best and legal option. They have to consider the niche in the market that they are going to fill and the likelihood of the idea developing to a big reality. Study experts say that, one does not engage into any business activity before they get prepared for the risks and challenges in the market. They should equip them selves with proper management skills, good customer relations, and perseverance to tolerate the challenges in the market. Therefore, this enhances the business to stabilize with changing times (Gitman, Lawrence, and McDaniel 348). Failure of business ideas, triggered by failure of proper market evaluation and which triggers poor marketing of commodities and this makes a business loose its customers to the competitors. Customers should be the main thing that any business should aim at satisfying; profits come second to the satisfaction of customers (Blythe, Jim, and Zimmerman 386). Some of the businesses focused with short-term goals of attaining profits instead of first creating the basis on the market for where to market their goods end up not securing their positions in the market and hence their closure. Research in the market revealed that, some of the inaccuracy failures are avoidable if they had focus on the real factors that are challenging in the market. By focusing on long-term goals, it will prioritize the consumer needs, enabling their establishment. The business owners should handle any incompetence in the market by themselves. By consulting from survey respondents, they may end up getting the wrong picture of the market strategy. Studies reveal that, some of the surveyors only aim at impressing the business owners rather than giving them the real picture of the situation. The business owners should therefore, aim at running their enterprises carefully. They should not base their performance on research results. Otherwise, they should blame the government and other financial institutions for their failure (Hutt, Michael, and Speh 110). As businesses grow, the owners should now turn their plans on how to maximize their profits by trying to achieve economies of scale and how best one can achieve it. By this level, the business owners have usually established the products that are on demand and should therefore, set a p rice that is affordable to the buyer and is favorable to the seller (Czinkota et al 87). On addition, for one ensure they satisfy the changing demands of customers in an effective way, they should be flexible and be ready to face conflicting interests and also other risks in the business. They should be ready to listen to customer opinions, adjust, and avoid repetition of same mistakes. Research showed that, most of the entrepreneurs who prosper are those listen to advice, complains from their consumers, and therefore, adjust for their durability in the market, and attain their long-term aim of earning profits (Gitman, Lawrence, and McDaniel 348). Business owners should also exercise proper accounting of their finances. The finances are crucial, close

Overview: Working with Pediatric Patients

Overview: Working with Pediatric Patients OBJECTIVES The main purpose in learning how to work with pediatric patients is to have a clear idea of the potential challenges a medical assistant may encounter when dealing with this patient population. There are many topics to cover, including but not limited to: Understanding correctly the language used within the different pediatric age groups, learning how to effectively communicate with toddlers, adolescents and parents along with finding best practices to proper document basic and vital pediatric information like: height, weight, circumference measurements, pulse, respiratory rates, blood type screening, as well as body motor developing, sensory and language milestones throughout the patient growth. Other important skills to learn are immunization guidelines along with the proper time in which vaccinations have to be administered. At the same time, describing appropriately and effectively different signs and changes during puberty, including secondary sex characteristics. Last, but no least, providing parents with education guidelines for safety along with discussing social issues that are affecting our youth’ health today. Pediatric age classifications and proper communication Although often we may perceive the word â€Å"pediatric† as babies or toddlers, this conception is wrong. In reality, when we refer to pediatric we are covering from new born through 18 years of age. The medical assistant must be knowledgeable in all stages and must be able to handle the challenges these bring forth. The following terms are critical to understand and it is imperative to learn how they are related to one another in communication skills, patient/parents education and documentation. The age ranges are classified as follows: Newborn.- It is the initial period following birth Neonate.- It is the first month of life Infant.- It is the first year of life Toddler.- From the first year of life to preschool age Child.- It often starts with school attendance into the middle childhood Adolescent.- Puberty starts here, reproduction is possible and development of secondary sex characteristics It is highly recommended to practice appropriate communication based in the patient’s age and the patient’s family. Speaking down to or over the head of an individual often creates barriers in the patient responses. It is very important to speak the language that both, the patient and his/her parents understand. When talking to a parent is vital to remain professional and call by their name, in the other hand, when talking with small children who often have not developed verbal interactions, it may be appropriate to communicate through expressions or motions. When speaking with older children or adolescent, communication barriers may come up. Never assume a meaning or intention. Always attempt to clarify what a patient is communicating; it is valid to consider that the patient may be testing the caregiver’s reactions to words or phrases. Communication, if appropriately used, can be a major tool for great evaluations and examinations. It can increase the patient confidence to the healthcare provider and as result; enable high quality health care to the patient. Infant/Toddler Measurements Infants and toddlers grow at an impressive velocity, therefore accurate and consistent measurements are highly necessary to evaluate normal or abnormal development patterns. This practice is helpful in identifying any potential health issues in which early detection will be the key to prompt prevention procedures Height and weight measurements in children at young age can be a clear indicator of potential health issues. Therefore, the medical assistant must be proficient in obtaining and recording this vital information. Being accurate is essential, especially during the early years. Indicators of questionable health may be determined based not only on initial size, but on growth pattern or trends. The National Center for Health Statistics provides charts for height, weight and head circumference. These charts use percentiles, which compare the child’s measurements with an average range of growth for children in the United States. Many factors come to play when assessing measures, one of them is familial stature, gestational age at birth, and chronic disease. When measuring the height of an infant is recommended to get another person to help, when possible, children under 2 years of age are measured in a horizontal position with the body fully extended, although a â€Å"caliper† (an instrument used to measure the distance between two points) is used by most practitioners, some clinics still use a tape measure to complete this task. Children with two years of age or more can be measured while standing. This procedure should be done by removing the patient’s shoes and having the patient’s heels, back and head in the same plane, it is a good practice having the patient standing against the wall. The same can be obtained with the use of an upright physician’s scale. Weight measurement gives another way of asses the pediatric patient’s growth and development, as with height, accurate measurement documentation is used based in the statistics chart provided by the NCHS (National Center of Health Statistics). Young infants are weighed directly on an infant scale, ideally they should be weighed naked or in a diaper. Any item on the scale, aside of the child should be considered to add or subtract when taking measurements. As children get older, techniques must adapted to the patient’s comfort, young children can be weighed in their underwear and using a standing scale. As they go into school age, a gown can be worn for more comfortable and accurate evaluation. The weight of the gowns and/or underwear do not have to determine at this age because of the constant fluctuation of ounces in these children would not be significant as they would for an infant. In the other hand, the use of accurate equipment is much more important and vital. Head circumference and chest circumference is another source of health evaluation. Knowing the traceability of the cranium and the brain is critical in the kid’s health. Abnormally large or small head size must be monitored. Patient’s may encounter macrocephaly which is an abnormally growth of the head circumference larger than 97th. Percentile. Before jumping to conclusions, familial or generic trends need to be considered. In the other hand, microcephaly, the abnormally small head may also indicate a pathologic condition, such as chromosomal disorder. When the head is measured, it is important to always measure the same area at all times; it is recommended to it just above the eyebrows. The information can document in either inches or centimeters according to office protocol. The chest measurement may or may not be done due to various locations being measured. This procedure is an additional calculation that is used to identify low birth weights in preterm babies and may also be used when there is a suspicion of lung or heart disease Pediatric Vital Signs Obtaining vital signs can be challenging at times, bold pressures are usually not taken until the age of two. Cuffs are used to measure blood pressure and they come in a variety of size and themes to make this task as pleasant as possible for the patient, although the use of new or unfamiliar equipment is often traumatic for a young child, many offices acquire equipment that is appealing to children. A good practice is to allow the child to safely touch and test the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope as well as mock with either a doll, stuffed animal or to a parent. The pulse in the young child varies with age and growth. The young infant or toddler may be very active, thereby increase the pulse rate. The primary location for measuring pulse in infants and young children are different than the location in adults. The radial artery is normally used to check on older kids and adults, at the same time, for infants and young children, the femoral or brachial arteries are the choices for patients of this age group. Another way of measuring pulse is through auscultation which is listening to the heart with stethoscope Respirations in the infant and toddler can be measured with the pulse. The rates will vary, depending on the level of activity or illness. Let’s keep in mind that a fever can elevate the respiratory and pulse rates. Obtaining an accurate body temperature is another skill that is essential for medical assistant. Fevers are very common in pediatric patients and they are more frequent compare to adults. There various methods to measure body temperature. In children and adolescents, auditory or aural readings are quick and relatively comfortable. Infants with two months of age or less are best evaluated with a temporal thermometer. Another option is obtaining rectal temperature reading. Pediatrics measurements and vital signs are key evaluation tools for identification of any potential disorders Pediatric Development Aside of the measurements discussed earlier, other areas of growth and development include motor, sensory and language development. There are different milestones that indicate acceptable growth and development patterns. These milestones are used a guidelines to determine the normal growth in children, especially during the first two years of age, it is important to keep in mind that some children reach these sooner or later compared to others, however this is completely normal. Motor development usually includes three areas of growth: reflexes, gross motor and fine motor skills, Reflexes refer to automatic responses to any stimulation. The following are the most common reflexes: Breathing, sucking, rooting, swimming, grasping and moro. Gross motor skills include motions such as rolling, scooting, crawling and walking. Fine motor skills develop utilizing smaller movements, these include touching, grabbing, poking, pulling, and pinching. Sensory Development are related to vision and hearing senses along with the deep perception and motion assessment. Any single area that exhibits impairments will affect the growth in other areas of development. Visual development involves increasing distances in sight as brain matures. Color perception also develops as the child grows. In the other hand, hearing improves in normal development as the child matures Language Development from infancy forward, the child begins with noises that elicit response. These become words, phrases and finally sentences. The timing in which these occur may be different due to educational and environmental circumstances Visual and Auditory screenings are conducted as way of measurement the sensory development and to avoid potential problems that can be treated and corrected. Prior to school age some visual milestones are evaluated: blinking, fixation on objects, coordination of eye movements, and reaching for objects, shaking ere movements and wandering eyes. Hearing screening in the newborn and infant begins. Lack of hearing is often interpreted as intellectual delay. Clues include responses to loud noises, facial expressions and turning head toward noises. As the child matures, more formal testing of hearing can be completed. Audiometric equipment can be used for this purpose. Vaccinations or immunizations have been recommended by the World Health Organization in a constant effort to prevent the spread identified diseases. History shows that infectious diseases have led to worldwide epidemics and studies show that the infant fatality rate decrease due to the use of vaccinations, UNICEF studies show that these include smallpox, whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, HIB, hepatitis B, measles, mumps and rubella Pediatric visits include schedules of specifics vaccinations from the country in which the patient lives. The medical assistant is usually responsible for administration of these vaccinations, either orally, topically, or by injection. It is the job of the medical assistant to educate patient regarding the risks and side effects of each individual vaccine. As well as direct them to websites in which they can learn more about this topic. Documentation of the vaccine given must be through, the type, the lot number, the method of administration, and location of injections is placed in the patient record or immunization log. It is an important job of the medical assistant performing pediatric injections. Proper skills need to be developing for the comfort and safety of the patient to avoid physical or emotional trauma. Most pediatric injections are given intramuscularly. An important part of the medical assistant job is to calm the patient before and after the injection. Blood screenings are done to all infants through their capillaries and they may occur within the first seven days of life. Some blood screening is done if symptoms are present or it the presence of family disease. These could be â€Å"sickle cell anemia†, â€Å"IRT†, â€Å"Hypothyroidism†, â€Å"Homocystinuria†, â€Å"Ketonuria†, â€Å"and Galactosemia†. Circumcision or removal of foreskin of the penis is very common on newborn infants while they are still in the hospital; however there are occasions in which due to unforeseen circumstances this procedure is done in the pediatrics’ office which could turn in complications. Adolescent Care could be very challenging for the medical assistant. This is when the secondary sex characteristics become more obvious. At this age in when youths could show manners of independency and even exploration of new avenues such as drugs, alcohol and other substances. Communication could also be challenging with care giver. The communication could persuade embarrassment and nonprofessional. It is important to remain nonjudgmental and at the same time show empathy and professional company. Adolescent can present hug concerns for their height and weight due the influence of society and media with unrealistic and unhealthy standards, therefore the importance of being sensitive when discussing with young people about normal height and weights Puberty brings sexual changes and reproduction becomes a possibility. During this time estrogen and progesterone hormones are increasing in girls. In the other hand, boys will have the increase in the production of testosterone. Secondary sex characteristics are the visual changes seen when boys and girls as they grow to become adults. These are features that are not necessarily related to reproduction, these are voice changes, breasts, shoulder widening and facial hair. Behavioral and Mental Health Issues such as depression, eating disorders, abuse, suicide are thought to be primarily for adults, however they can also occur in the pediatric patients. The health professional must be aware of these signs and symptom in order to provide diagnosis and treatment to these problems